鸿蒙自定义控件实现罗盘数字时钟效果

前言：

DevEco Studio版本：4.0.0.600

关注过我的小伙伴一定知道我之前写过一篇基于Android的仿抖音效果的数字时钟罗盘最近看了鸿蒙的Canvas组件，今天通过Canvas组件也实现下罗盘数字时钟的效果。

参考链接：OpenHarmony Canvas OpenHarmony Canvasrenderingcontext2d

效果：

实现原理分析

之前安卓实现是通过matrix矩阵的方式实现，但是在鸿蒙（API10）中暂时没有给画笔设置矩阵的方法。通过查找CanvasRenderingContext2D的方法，发现rotate方法比较符合要求。

已知圆形的整个弧度为：2 * Math.PI，那么每一秒的弧度为：2 * Math.PI / 60 * （每一秒所占弧度的比例）

通过for循环可得到每一秒的弧度需要旋转的弧度为：

rotate(2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 ) //index数组角标

为了使时分秒保持在右侧水平线上，就只能通过旋转坐标系来保持当前时间所在X轴坐标系一直在原始0或60秒的那个坐标系上，那么旋转的弧度为：2 * Math.PI / 60 * （每一秒所占弧度的比例 - 当前秒值所占弧度的比例）

通过for循环可得到每一秒的弧度在原始X轴方向为：

rotate(2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 - second))//index数组角标

同理可得分钟的每一分的弧度在原始X轴方向为：

rotate(2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 - minute))

时钟的每一时的弧度在原始X轴方向为：

rotate(2 * Math.PI / 12 * (index + 1 - hour))

代码实现：

1、Canvas创建

private settings: RenderingContextSettings = new RenderingContextSettings(true)
private context: CanvasRenderingContext2D = new CanvasRenderingContext2D(this.settings)
@State canvasWidth: number = 500 // 500是表盘默认大小
private radius: number = 40 // 默认表盘半径

build() {
   Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.Center }) {
      Canvas(this.context)
         .padding({ top: 76 })
         .width(this.canvasWidth)
         .height(this.canvasWidth + HEIGHT_ADD)
         .onReady(() => {
            
         })
   }
   .width('100%')
   .height('100%')
   .backgroundColor(Color.Black)
}

2、定时器每隔一秒获取时间

Canvas(this.context)
   .padding({ top: 76 })
   .width(this.canvasWidth)
   .height(this.canvasWidth + HEIGHT_ADD)
   .onReady(() => {
      //添加setInterval定时器，每隔1s执行一次updateTime函数
      this.intervalId = setInterval(this.updateTime, 1000)
   })


updateTime = () => {
   this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvasWidth, this.canvasWidth + HEIGHT_ADD)
   let nowTime = new Date()
   let hour = nowTime.getHours()
   let minute = nowTime.getMinutes()
   let second = nowTime.getSeconds()
   console.info("22222222222   hour: " + hour + "  minute: " + minute + "  second: " + second)

   this.context.translate(this.canvasWidth / 2, this.canvasWidth / 2) //移动当前坐标系的原点
   this.drawTime(hour, minute, second)
   this.context.translate(-this.canvasWidth / 2, -this.canvasWidth / 2) //当前坐标系的原点复原
}

3、数据初始化

const hours: Array<string> = ["一点", "二点", "三点", "四点", "五点", "六点", "七点", "八点", "九点", "十点", "十一点", "十二点"];

const minutes: Array<string> = ["一分", "二分", "三分", "四分", "五分", "六分", "七分", "八分", "九分", "十分", "十一分", "十二分", "十三分", "十四分", "十五分", "十六分", "十七分", "十八分", "十九分",
   "二十分", "二十一分", "二十二分", "二十三分", "二十四分", "二十五分", "二十六分", "二十七分", "二十八分", "二十九分", "三十分", "三十一分", "三十二分", "三十三分", "三十四分", "三十五分", "三十六分",
   "三十七分", "三十八分", "三十九分", "四十分", "四十一分", "四十二分", "四十三分", "四十四分", "四十五分", "四十六分", "四十七分", "四十八分", "四十九分", "五十分", "五十一分", "五十二分", "五十三分",
   "五十四分", "五十五分", "五十六分", "五十七分", "五十八分", "五十九分", ""];

const seconds: Array<string> = ["一秒", "二秒", "三秒", "四秒", "五秒", "六秒", "七秒", "八秒", "九秒", "十秒", "十一秒", "十二秒", "十三秒", "十四秒", "十五秒", "十六秒", "十七秒", "十八秒", "十九秒",
   "二十秒", "二十一秒", "二十二秒", "二十三秒", "二十四秒", "二十五秒", "二十六秒", "二十七秒", "二十八秒", "二十九秒", "三十秒", "三十一秒", "三十二秒", "三十三秒", "三十四秒", "三十五秒", "三十六秒",
   "三十七秒", "三十八秒", "三十九秒", "四十秒", "四十一秒", "四十二秒", "四十三秒", "四十四秒", "四十五秒", "四十六秒", "四十七秒", "四十八秒", "四十九秒", "五十秒", "五十一秒", "五十二秒", "五十三秒",
   "五十四秒", "五十五秒", "五十六秒", "五十七秒", "五十八秒", "五十九秒", ""];

4、绘制时分秒

drawTime(hour: number, minute: number, second: number) {
   this.context.save()

   hours.forEach((value, index) => {
      this.context.fillStyle = (hour % 12) == (index + 1) ? '#0080DC' : '#FFFFFF'
      this.context.font = (hour % 12) == (index + 1) ? '16px' : "14px"
      this.context.textAlign = "start"
      this.context.textBaseline = "middle"

      this.context.rotate(2 * Math.PI / 12 * (index + 1 - hour))
      this.context.fillText(value, this.radius + 30, 0)
      this.context.rotate(-2 * Math.PI / 12 * (index + 1 - hour))
      this.context.save()
      this.context.restore()
   })

   minutes.forEach((value, index) => {
      this.context.fillStyle = minute == (index + 1) ? '#0080DC' : '#FFFFFF'
      this.context.font = minute == (index + 1) ? '16px' : "14px"
      this.context.textAlign = "start"
      this.context.textBaseline = "middle"
      this.context.rotate(2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 - minute))
      this.context.fillText(value, this.radius + 70, 0)
      this.context.rotate(-2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 - minute))
      this.context.save()
      this.context.restore()
   })

   seconds.forEach((value, index) => {
      this.context.fillStyle = second == (index + 1) ? '#0080DC' : '#FFFFFF'
      this.context.font = second == (index + 1) ? '16px' : "14px"
      this.context.textAlign = "start"
      this.context.textBaseline = "middle"
      this.context.rotate(2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 - second))
      this.context.fillText(value, this.radius + 120, 0)
      this.context.rotate(-2 * Math.PI / 60 * (index + 1 - second))
      this.context.save()
      this.context.restore()
   })
}